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SLIDESHOW
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Types of Depression
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Beyond the Blues
Everyone feels a bit
down, sometimes. But if you’re sad and empty, and have trouble concentrating,
eating, and sleeping for 2 weeks or more, you could have depression.
It's not a
one-size-fits-all illness. It comes in many forms, each with slightly different
symptoms. But depression can be treated, usually with medicines, talk therapy,
or both.
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Major Depressive Disorder
Sometimes called
clinical depression, this is the most common form of the disorder. More than 16
million adults have had at least one episode. To make a diagnosis, doctors look
for at least five symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and behave,
including:
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Sadness
·
Loss of interest in activities
·
Sleeplessness
·
Trouble making decisions
·
Difficulty concentrating
·
Sleepiness
·
Suicidal thoughts or actions
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Persistent Depressive Disorder
If you've been feeling
down for at least 2 years, you may have persistent depressive disorder. Your
doctor may call it dysthymic disorder or dysthymia. More women than men seem to
have PDD. Kids and teens can have it, too. It makes them more irritable than
depressed, and for them to have this diagnosis, their symptoms need to last
only a year.
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Bipolar Disorder
Once called manic
depression, it features emotional highs -- called mania -- and the lows of
depression. These swings affect not only how you feel, but your behavior and
judgment, too. That can cause problems with work, relationships, and day-to-day
life. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors also are common with bipolar disorder.
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Seasonal Affective Disorder
The gloomy days of fall
and winter can be hard for those with seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Its
symptoms are the same as depression but generally happen only during the fall
and winter, when there's less daylight. About 5% of adults in America have SAD.
Treatments, such as light therapy or medication, can quickly ease symptoms. But
they can also improve on their own when spring arrives.
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Psychotic Depression
This is a severe type of
depression. Its symptoms include hallucinations and delusions. You may be
agitated and be unable to relax. Your ability to think clearly or move normally
may slow down. Psychotic depression usually requires a short hospital stay.
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Postpartum Depression
Most moms feel a little
blue after their baby’s birth. But if those feelings are severe, you could have
postpartum depression. Symptoms can creep in a few weeks after the baby’s
birth, or even up to a year later. Mood swings, difficulty bonding with your
baby, changes in thoughts and behavior, and fears about your mothering are
common. If you think you have more than the baby blues, see your doctor.
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Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Many women get the
cramping and moodiness of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). But if you have severe
PMS that affects your job and relationships, you may have PMDD. Symptoms start
7 to 10 days before your period and go away a few days after it starts.
If you think you have
PMDD, see your doctor. She’ll help rule out other things. Treatment can
include:
·
Lifestyle changes, such as diet and
exercise
·
Oral contraceptives
·
Antidepressants
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Adjustment Disorder
Any of life’s unexpected
curveballs can bring stress. However, if it's difficult to move forward, you
may have an adjustment disorder that can cause depression, anxiety, or both.
You may hear someone call this “situational symptoms.” They start within 3 months
of a stressful event, and they're usually gone 6 months later. They can last
longer, depending on the cause. Usually, talk therapy is the treatment for it.
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Atypical Depression
Most forms of depression
make you feel sad and empty. But if yours lifts briefly after good news or a
positive experience, you may have atypical depression.
It isn’t rare, but its
symptoms are a little different. Other than the temporary mood lift, you may:
·
Have a bigger appetite
·
Sleep 10 or more hours a day
·
Be especially sensitive to criticism.
·
Get a heavy feeling in your arms and legs
that's not because you're tired
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Treatment-Resistant Depression
For most people with
depression, today’s treatments work well to help you get your life back on
track. But up to about a third of people with the disorder need a little more
help.
Doctors are looking at
why some people respond well to treatment while others don’t. Some folks may
have success with their treatment for a little while, then have it stop
working.
Even if your depression
is tougher to treat, you should keep seeing your doctor.
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Subsyndromal Depression
Subsyndromal means that
you may have some symptoms of a disorder, but not enough for a diagnosis.
Subsyndromal depression means you have at least two symptoms, but fewer than
the five necessary for your doctor to say you have major depression.
For you to get a
diagnosis of this type of depression, your symptoms must affect your quality of
life for at least 2 weeks.
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Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Although all kids have
temper tantrums, children with this disorder are usually irritable and have
outbursts well beyond what's expected. The previous diagnosis for some of these
kids was pediatric bipolar disorder, but their symptoms didn't always fit.
This tool does not provide medical advice.
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