|
SLIDESHOW
|
|
Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (
COURTECY;-webMD )
|
Slideshow: A Visual Guide to Multiple
Sclerosis
1/22
What Is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
MS is a chronic disease
that damages the nerves in the spinal cord and brain, as well as the optic
nerves. Sclerosis means scarring, and people with MS develop multiple areas of
scar tissue in response to the nerve damage. Depending on where the damage occurs,
symptoms may include problems with muscle control, balance, vision, or speech.
1/22
MS Symptoms: Weakness or Numbness
Nerve damage can
cause:
·
Weakness in an arm or leg
·
Numbness
·
Loss of balance
·
Muscle spasms
These symptoms may lead
to frequent tripping or difficulty walking.
1/22
MS Symptoms: Vision Problems
More than half of people
with MS experience a vision problem called optic neuritis. This inflammation of
the optic nerve may cause blurred vision, loss of color vision, eye pain, or
blindness, usually in one eye. The problem is usually temporary and tends to
improve within a few weeks. In many cases, vision problems are the first sign
of MS.
1/22
MS Symptoms: Speech Problems
Although less common
than vision problems, some people with MS develop slurred speech. This happens
when MS damages the nerves that carry speech signals from the brain. Some
people also have trouble swallowing.
1/22
Other MS Symptoms
MS can take a toll on
mental sharpness. Some people may find it takes longer to solve problems.
Others may have mild memory loss or trouble concentrating. Most people with MS
also experience some loss of bladder control, because signals between the brain
and bladder are interrupted. Finally, fatigue is a common problem. You may feel
tired even after a good night's sleep.
1/22
Stroke vs. MS
Confusion, slurred
speech, and muscle weakness can be symptoms of MS, but they can also be signs
of a stroke. Anyone who suddenly has trouble speaking or moving his or her
limbs should be taken to the ER immediately. Treating a stroke within the first
few hours provides the best odds of a successful recovery.
1/22
How MS Attacks
In people with MS, the
body's own immune system attacks the tissue surrounding the nerve fibers in the
brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. This covering is made of a fatty
substance called myelin. It insulates the nerves and helps them send electrical
signals that control movement, speech, and other functions. When myelin is
destroyed, scar tissue forms, and nerve messages are not transmitted properly.
1/22
What Causes MS?
The roots of MS remain
mysterious, but doctors see some surprising trends. It's most common in regions
far from the equator, including Scandinavia and other parts of Northern Europe.
These areas get less sunlight, so some researchers believe that vitamin D (the
"sunshine vitamin") may be involved. Research suggests a possible
link between vitamin D deficiency and autoimmune disorders, but studies are
ongoing. Genetics appear to play a role, as well.
1/22
Who Gets MS?
MS is at least twice as
common in women as it is in men. While it can strike people of any race,
Caucasians appear to be most at risk. The chances of developing the condition
are highest between ages 20 and 50.
1/22
Diagnosing MS
Tests are often used,
along with a medical history and neurological exam, to diagnose MS and rule out
other causes of symptoms. More than 90% of people with MS have scar tissue that
shows up on an MRI scan. A spinal tap can check for abnormalities in the fluid
that bathes the brain and spinal cord. Tests to look at electrical activity of
nerves can also help with diagnosis. Lab tests can help rule out other
autoimmune conditions or infections such as HIV or Lyme disease.
1/22
How Does MS Progress?
MS is different in every
person. Doctors usually see four forms:
Relapsing-remitting: Symptoms flare during acute attacks, then improve
nearly completely or "remit." This is the most common form of MS.
Primary-progressive: MS slowly but steadily worsens.
Secondary-progressive: Begins as relapsing-remitting type, then becomes
progressive.
Progressive-relapsing: The underlying disease steadily worsens. The patient has
acute relapses, which may or may not remit. This is the least common form of
MS.
1/22
MS and Weather
Research suggests that
the disease may be more active during the summer months. Heat and high humidity
may also temporarily worsen symptoms. Very cold temperatures and sudden changes
in temperature may aggravate symptoms, as well.
1/22
Treating MS: Medications
While there is no cure
for MS, there are "disease-modifying drugs" that can reduce the
frequency and severity of MS attacks. Use can result in less damage to the
brain and spinal cord over time, slowing the progression of disability. When an
attack does occur, high-dose corticosteroids can help cut it short. Many drugs
are also available to manage troubling MS symptoms, such as muscle spasms,
incontinence, and pain.
1/22
Treating MS: Pain Management
About half of people
with MS develop some form of pain, either as a result of a short circuit in the
nervous system or because of muscle spasms or strain. Doctors may prescribe
antidepressants and anticonvulsant medications to ease nerve pain. Pain medicines
and anti-spasm drugs may also be used. Muscle pain often responds well to
massage and physical therapy. Be sure to discuss the options with your doctor
if you find yourself in pain.
1/22
Treating MS: Physical Therapy
If MS affects balance,
coordination, or muscle strength, you can learn to compensate. Physical therapy
can help strengthen muscles, combat stiffness, and get around more easily.
Occupational therapy can help retain coordination in your hands for dressing and
writing. And if you're having trouble speaking or swallowing, a speech
therapist can help.
1/22
Complementary Therapies for MS
Many nontraditional
therapies for MS have not been well studied. Some people say acupuncture
relieves symptoms such as muscle spasms and pain, but research to confirm its
value isn't conclusive. Others have reported benefits from injections of bee
venom, but a rigorous study, lasting 24 weeks, showed no improvements in
disability, fatigue, or the number of MS attacks. It's important to inform your
doctor about any supplements, special diets, or other therapies you want to
try.
1/22
MS and Pregnancy
Doctors generally agree
that it’s safe for women with MS to get pregnant. Research suggests no
increased risk of complications during pregnancy. In fact, many women have
fewer MS symptoms during pregnancy. High levels of hormones and proteins may
suppress the immune system, reducing the odds of a new attack. It's best to
talk with your doctors before pregnancy, as certain MS drugs should not be used
while pregnant or nursing. In the early months after delivery, the odds
for a relapse can rise.
1/22
Staying Mobile With MS
The vast majority of
people with MS are able to continue walking, though many benefit from some type
of assistive device. Orthotic shoe inserts or leg braces can help increase
stability. When one leg is stronger than the other, a cane can help. People
with significant problems with their legs may need to use a walker. And a
wheelchair or scooter may be best for those who are very unsteady or tire
easily.
1/22
Adapting Your Home for MS
Making a few changes
around the home can help you manage daily activities on your own. Install grab
bars inside and outside the shower or tub. Use a non-slip mat. Add an elevated
seat and safety rails to the toilet. Lower one of your kitchen counters so you
can reach it from a sitting position. And get rid of any throw rugs, which are
a tripping hazard.
1/22
MS and Exercise
Exercise can ease
stiffness, fatigue, and other symptoms of MS. But overdoing it could make
things worse. It's best to start slowly. Try exercising for 10 minutes at a
time, then gradually working your way up to a longer session. Before you begin,
check with your doctor about what type of activity and level of intensity would
be most appropriate. A few possibilities include water aerobics, swimming, tai
chi, and yoga.
1/22
Outlook for MS
Most people with MS live
a normal or near-normal lifespan. While the condition may make it more
difficult to get around or complete certain tasks, it doesn't always lead to
severe disability. Thanks to effective medications, rehab therapies, and
assistive devices, many people with MS remain active, stay in their jobs, and
continue to enjoy their families and favorite activities.
This tool does not provide medical advice
মন্তব্যসমূহ
একটি মন্তব্য পোস্ট করুন