7 types of Worm & its treatement .



    

Worms in humans

Dog and cat owners are used to the routine of worming their pets, but worms can affect people, too.
Here are some worms that can cause trouble inside humans, how you get them and what can be done about them:
1. Threadworms (pinworms)
Many worms are only a risk in certain places abroad, but threadworms are tiny worms that are common in the UK, especially in children under 10. A symptom of threadworms is an itchy bottom, and the thin, white worms may be seen around the bottom or in poo. Threadworms are passed on from an infected person, and a lack of good handwashing increases the risk. Threadworm infections are treated by taking a single dose of mebendazole medication to destroy the worms. If one family member has threadworms, the whole family should be treated, as worm eggs can take 2 weeks to hatch.
2. Roundworms
Roundworm infestations begin by swallowing worm eggs in contaminated food. This is less common in the UK than it is in some places abroad. Roundworms can live and thrive inside a person. They don't often cause any symptoms, but are more likely to in large numbers. There may not be any symptoms other than spotting worms in poo. Roundworm infections are treated with medication, including mebendazole, piperazine and albendazole.
3. Tapeworms
This worm infection is rare in the UK, but is a risk when visiting some developing countries. Tapeworms can grow up to 9 metres long inside a person, and may be contracted from contaminated food or from coming into contact with traces of an infected person's poo. Tapeworm symptoms include vomiting and stomach pain. Beef tapeworm that only live in the intestine are easier to treat with tablets than some other tapeworms and their larvae which can spread to organs, including the lungs, liver, eyes or brain.
4. Hookworms
These worms shouldn't be a problem in the UK but are worth taking precautions against in some places abroad where hookworms live in soil contaminated by human poo. The worms can get into the body by people walking barefoot, or by eating with unwashed contaminated hands. In severe cases, hookworms can cause abdominal pain, diarrhoea, lost appetite, unexpected weight loss, fatigue and anaemia. Once diagnosed with laboratory tests, anti-worm medication will be given.
5. Schistosomes
Schistosomes are small fluke worms which get into the bloodstream of people through skin contact in contaminated water and soil, with children mostly affected. These worms cause a disease called schistosomiasis (bilharzia) that affects around 240 million people worldwide. Treatment involves antiparasitic drugs. British three times Tour de France winner Chris Froome who grew up in Kenya was treated for schistosomiasis and was given the all clear after 4 years in 2013.
6. Trichinella
Trichinosis, or trichinellosis, is a disease caused by the larvae from these worms, usually found in raw or undercooked infected meat, including from pigs. Treatment will involve antiparasitic drugs.
7. Filariae
These worms are responsible for the disfiguring and painful condition lymphatic filariasis, also known as elephantiasis, caused by worms nesting in a person's lymphatic system. The worms are spread by mosquitos.
8. Whipworms
These whip-shaped worms and their larvae can live in the intestines once they are infected from coming into contact with the poo of an infected person.
Although ringworm is a common search result when looking for worms in humans online, it isn't anything to do with worms. It's a fungal infection causing a red or silver ring shaped rash.

   

Digestive health centre

Threadworms directory

Threadworms, also known as pinworms, are white, threadlike worms that are parasites found in the intestines. Anal itching is a common symptom, although many people will have no symptoms. Follow the links below to find BootsWebMD's comprehensive coverage about how threadworms are contracted, what they look like, how to treat them and much more.

Medical reference

Medicines

      

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Terms Of Use

MEBENDAZOLE

Brand Name(s) : Ovex, Pripsen, Vermox
Warnings
Uses
Side Effects
Precautions
Interactions
Overdose

MEBENDAZOLE WARNINGS

Mebendazole should be used with caution in: women who are breastfeeding, or children under 2 years of age.
It should not be used in: pregnant women.
Also see list of precautions and interactions.

STORAGE

No special storage conditions required.

Further reading:

   

Digestive health centre

Tapeworms are a type of parasite that can live inside a person'sintestines. Doctors may refer to tapeworms as cestodes. Tapeworms are a type of flatworm with a long ribbon-like body with many segments, sometimes growing 4.5-9m (15-30ft) in length. They have a small head with hooks and suckers.

How common are tapeworm infections?

Tapeworm infections in the UK are rare, but they are more common in developing countries. There are several types of tapeworms including:
  • Echinococcus granulosus, the dog tapeworm
  • Taenia solium, the pork tapeworm
  • Taenia saginata, the beef tapeworm
  • Diphyllobothrium latum, the fish tapeworm
  • Hymenolepis nana, the dwarf tapeworm
The dog tapeworm is common is Greece, southern Spain, Turkey, South and North America, eastern Australia, Africa and Asia. It also occurs in the UK in some rural areas, especially around sheep farms in Herefordshire, mid-Wales and Scotland. A dog tapeworm infection is known as hydatid disease. About 10 to 20 cases are reported in the UK each year.
The pork and beef tapeworms are more often found in Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, South-east Asia, and Central and South America. The fish tapeworm occurs most often in countries in which eating raw fish is common: Eastern Europe, the Scandinavian countries and Japan. The dwarf tapeworm is common in children living in unhygienic conditions, especially where there are fleas - in this case insects including fleas pass the eggs from the droppings of infected rodents to humans.

How do tapeworms develop?

Tapeworms have a three-stage lifecycle. Stage one occurs when an animal or fish swallows the eggs, which normally happens when eating food or drinking water contaminated by infected faeces (stools). The larvae (newborn worms) develop in stage two when inside the animal or fish. The eggs hatch into larvae that burrow through the walls of the intestines. They travel through the bloodstream to muscles, where they form into cysts full of larvae.
In stage three, humans consume the cysts when eating contaminated meat or fish. The cysts can survive if the consumed food is undercooked, or in the case of fish, if it is raw. Once inside a human's intestines, the cysts hatch and develop into adult worms, growing and producing eggs. The eggs pass out of the human in faeces, allowing the cycle to continue.
However, humans can swallow the eggs from pork tapeworms directly, which allows the cysts to form inside the human body before becoming adults.
If the tapeworm larvae of the pork tapeworm settle outside a person's intestines, they can cause other illnesses.

How can humans get tapeworms?

Poor hygiene is the most likely method of acquiring tapeworms. A person can get tapeworms by:
  • Eating raw or undercooked contaminated pork, beef or fish such as salmon
  • Swallowing food or water that contain contaminated faeces (stools), even if only a trace amount
  • Touching contaminated faeces and then touching their mouths with 

  •     contaminated hands

  

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Medically Reviewed by Dr Rob Hicks on December 18, 2015

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