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Genital Warts (HPV)
It's not necessary to
have sexual intercourse to get a sexually-transmitted disease (STD). The human
papillomavirus (HPV) that causes genital warts can be transmitted by close
skin-to-skin contact. Some types of HPVs cause cervical or anal cancer, and vaccines
are available to protect against the most dangerous types. Other HPV types
cause genital warts, which can be raised, flat, or cauliflower-shaped. HPV
infection can occur in people who have no symptoms or visible warts.
HPV Symptoms
·
Genital warts can be big
or small, flat or raised. They generally appear as a small bump or group of
bumps in the genital region, and may be shaped like a cauliflower.
HPV Vaccine
·
A vaccine to prevent HPV
is given in three shots. The second shot is given a month or two after the
first shot. The third shot comes six months after the first shot.
·
The Centers for Disease
Control recommends boys and girls be vaccinated at ages 11 or 12.
·
If they did not get the
HPV vaccine as children, women can get the HPV vaccine through age 26. Men can
get it through age 21. The CDC recommends HPV vaccination for men through age
26 for men who have sex with men or men with compromised immune systems,
including HIV.
Pubic Lice (Crabs STD)
Pubic lice are colloquially
known as "crabs." This name refers to the shape of these parasites,
which is different from that of body lice. Pubic lice live in pubic hair and
are spread among people during close contact. Pubic lice can be treated with
over-the-counter lice-killing medications.
Pubic Lice (Crabs)
Symptoms
·
Severe itching
·
Visible crawling lice or
eggs attached to pubic hair
Scabies
Scabies is another
disease caused by lice infestation. It is not necessarily an STD, since it can
affect any area of the skin. However, it is often spread during sexual contact.
Scabies Symptoms
·
Extreme itching that is
worse at night.
·
The skin appears to have
a pimple-like rash, as shown in this photo.
·
Both the itching and
rash may be across the body or limited to the wrist, elbow, armpit, webbing
between fingers, nipple, penis, waist, belt-line or buttocks.
·
Tiny blisters (vesicles)
and scales may appear.
·
Tiny burrows left by the
tunneling of female scabies mites may be visible on the skin.
·
They appear as tiny
raised and crooked grayish-white or skin-colored lines.
Prescription creams can
cure a scabies infestation.
Gonorrhea (The Clap)
Gonorrhea is an easily
transmissible STD that affects both men and women. It can cause infertility in
men and women when untreated. There may be no early symptoms of the infection.
Gonorrhea Symptoms
·
Burning during urination
·
Vaginal or urethral
discharge
·
Pelvic pain in women
·
Men may experience
swelling of the testes and discharge from the penis
In some cases, the
symptoms are mild and the condition is mistaken for a urinary tract infection
or yeast infection.
Syphilis
Syphilis can be cured
with antibiotics, but many people don't notice the early symptoms. It can lead
to nerve damage, blindness, paralysis, and even death overtime if not treated.
Syphilis Symptoms
·
A round, firm, painless
sore on the genitals or anal area (often the first sign)
·
A rash can develop later
on the soles of the feet, palms, or other parts of the body
·
Enlarged lymph nodes
·
Fever
·
Fatigue
·
Hair loss
·
Late-stage syphilis can
cause damage to many different organ systems
Chlamydia
Chlamydia is a very common
infection transmitted by sexual contact. It can cause infertility if not
treated. The symptoms may not be noticed, or they may be vague and nonspecific.
Some people have no symptoms at all.
Chlamydia Symptoms
·
Burning or itching of
the genitals
·
Discharge
·
Painful urination
Chlamydia infections can
also develop in the rectum and throat.
Herpes Simplex 1 Virus
(Oral Herpes)
Cold sores or
"fever blisters" on the lips are a sign of herpes virus infection,
usually caused by the type of herpes virus known as human herpes virus 1, or
HHV-1. HHV-1 is usually not considered to be an STD; however, it can be spread
through kissing or household contact. It can also spread to the genitals. There
is no cure for herpes infection, but medications can reduce the severity and
duration of outbreaks.
Herpes Simplex 1 (Oral
Herpes) Symptoms
·
Itching of the lips or
skin around the mouth
·
Burning near the lips or
mouth area
·
Tingling near the lips
or mouth area
·
Sore throat
·
Fever
·
Swollen glands
·
Painful swallowing
·
A rash may form on your
gums, lips, mouth or throat
Symptoms usually appear Herpes Simplex
2 Virus (Genital Herpes)
In contrast to HHV-1,
most genital herpes infections are caused by a different virus known as HHV-2.
It is spread through direct contact and is considered to be an STD. More than
87 percent of those infected with genital herpes are unaware of their infection
due to very mild or nonexistent symptoms.
Herpes Simplex 2
(Genital Herpes) Symptoms
·
Painful, fluid-filled
blisters and crusted sores on the genital area, buttocks, thighs, or anus.
·
Mild tingling or
shooting pain in the legs, hips, or buttocks may occur hours to days before a
genital herpes outbreak.
·
After the first
infection, less severe outbreaks are common in the first year. Outbreaks tend
to decrease over time, though the infection may stay in the body indefinitely.
The infection can spread
to the lips through oral contact. As with HHV-1, medications can reduce the
severity of the condition, but there is no cure.
·
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a virus
that spreads through contact with body fluids and blood, so it can be
transmitted through sexual intercourse. Hepatitis B infection is also possible
through sharing of needles, razors, and toothbrushes. Babies can become
infected at birth from an infected mother. It’s possible to go for years
without symptoms of the infection.
Hepatitis B Symptoms
·
Nausea
·
Abdominal pain
·
Jaundice (yellowing of
the skin and whites of the eyes)
·
Over time, scarring of
the liver (cirrhosis) and liver cancer can develop
Although there is no
cure, there is a vaccine to prevent hepatitis B infection.
·
·
·
HIV/AIDS
The HIV virus (AIDS
virus) weakens the body's immune system. It is spread through sexual contact,
needle sharing, or from an infected mother to baby. There may be no symptoms
for years, but a blood test can tell if you have been infected. With
appropriate treatment, many serious illnesses can be prevented.
HIV Symptoms
·
Flu-like symptoms 1 to 2
months after first infection, including like swollen lymph nodes, fever, and
headaches
·
Chills
·
Rash
·
Night sweats
·
Muscle Aches
·
Sore throat
·
Swollen lymph nodes
·
Mouth ulcers
AIDS Symptoms
·
Rapid weight loss
·
Recurring fever or
profuse night sweats
·
Extreme and unexplained
tiredness
·
Prolonged swelling of
the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck
·
Diarrhea that lasts for
more than a week
·
Sores of the mouth,
anus, or genitals
·
Pneumonia
·
Red, brown, pink, or purplish
blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids
·
Memory loss, depression,
and other neurologic disorders
HIV Testing
There
are accurate tests to identify whether or not you have been infected with the
HIV virus. These can be done in the clinic or at home with the FDA-approved
Home Access test kit. The test can be performed anonymously, with only a number
to identify you. However, sometimes people may not test positive in the initial
6 months after infection. This time period is referred to as the "window
period" in which antibodies may not have developed enough for a positive
test. You can still transmit the virus to others during this time.
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is a
parasitic infection (caused by Trichomonas vaginalis) that is
spread during sexual contact. It affects both men and women and can be cured
with medications. Most affected men have no specific symptoms.
Trichomoniasis
Symptoms
·
Men: minor discharge or
burning with urination
·
Women: yellowish-green
vaginal discharge with a prominent odor, itching of the vaginal area, or
painful sex or urination
Symptoms can develop
anywhere from 5 to 28 days after contracting the infection.
Chancroid
Chancroid is an STD that
is rarely seen in the U.S. It is more common in Africa and Asia. It causes
painful lumps in the genital area that can progress to open sores. Antibiotics
can cure the infection; chancroid is caused by bacterial infection with Haemophilus
ducreyi.
Chancroid Symptoms
- One or more sores or raised
bumps on the genitals. A narrow, red border surrounds the sores. The sores
become filled with pus and eventually rupture into a painful open sore.
- About half the time when
untreated, the chancroid bacterial infection spreads to the groin’s lymph
glands, causing the groin to enlarge and become hard and painful.
Lymphogranuloma venereum
(LGV)
Lymphogranuloma venereum
(LGV) is a type of chlamydial infection, but it is caused by a different type
of chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) than the usual chlamydial STD. Like
other chlamydial infections, it can be cured by antibiotic treatment.
Early Lymphogranuloma
venereum Symptoms (3-12 Days After Exposure)
·
Soft red, painless sores
on or near the genitals or anus
·
Similar sores in the
throat or mouth following oral sex
Later Lymphogranuloma
venereum Symptoms (2-6 Weeks After Exposure)
·
Open sores in the
genitals
·
Swollen lymph nodes in
the groin
·
Fever
·
Headache
·
Anal sores and rectal
discharge or bleeding if the infection was acquired through anal sex
·
Painful urination
·
Constipation
·
Rectal bleeding
·
Pain in lower
back/abdomen
·
Pus-filled or bloody diarrhea
·
Fever, chills, joint
pain, decreased appetite and fatigue
·
Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease
Pelvic inflammatory
disease (PID) is not a specific STD. Rather, it is a complication that can
develop following multiple different STDs, particularly gonorrhea and
chlamydia. In PID, bacteria spread to the uterus and female reproductive tract.
Infertility may result if the condition is not treated right away.
Genital Warts (HPV)
It's not necessary to
have sexual intercourse to get a sexually-transmitted disease (STD). The human
papillomavirus (HPV) that causes genital warts can be transmitted by close
skin-to-skin contact. Some types of HPVs cause cervical or anal cancer, and vaccines
are available to protect against the most dangerous types. Other HPV types
cause genital warts, which can be raised, flat, or cauliflower-shaped. HPV
infection can occur in people who have no symptoms or visible warts.
HPV Symptoms
·
Genital warts can be big
or small, flat or raised. They generally appear as a small bump or group of
bumps in the genital region, and may be shaped like a cauliflower.
HPV Vaccine
Lymphogranuloma venereum
(LGV)
Lymphogranuloma venereum
(LGV) is a type of chlamydial infection, but it is caused by a different type
of chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) than the usual chlamydial STD. Like
other chlamydial infections, it can be cured by antibiotic treatment.
Early Lymphogranuloma
venereum Symptoms (3-12 Days After Exposure)
·
Soft red, painless sores
on or near the genitals or anus
·
Similar sores in the
throat or mouth following oral sex
Later Lymphogranuloma
venereum Symptoms (2-6 Weeks After Exposure)
·
Open sores in the
genitals
·
Swollen lymph nodes in
the groin
·
Fever
·
Headache
·
Anal sores and rectal
discharge or bleeding if the infection was acquired through anal sex
·
Painful urination
·
Constipation
·
Rectal bleeding
·
Pain in lower
back/abdomen
·
Pus-filled or bloody diarrhea
·
Fever, chills, joint
pain, decreased appetite and fatigue
·
A vaccine to prevent HPV
is given in three shots. The second shot is given a month or two after the
first shot. The third shot comes six months after the first shot.
·
The Centers for Disease
Control recommends boys and girls be vaccinated at ages 11 or 12.
·
If they did not get the
HPV vaccine as children, women can get the HPV vaccine through age 26. Men can
get it through age 21. The CDC recommends HPV vaccination for men through age
26 for men who have sex with men or men with compromised immune systems,
including HIV.
Lymphogranuloma
venereum (LGV)
Lymphogranuloma venereum
(LGV) is a type of chlamydial infection, but it is caused by a different type
of chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) than the usual chlamydial STD. Like
other chlamydial infections, it can be cured by antibiotic treatment.
Early Lymphogranuloma
venereum Symptoms (3-12 Days After Exposure)
·
Soft red, painless sores
on or near the genitals or anus
·
Similar sores in the throat
or mouth following oral sex
Later Lymphogranuloma
venereum Symptoms (2-6 Weeks After Exposure)
·
Open sores in the
genitals
·
Swollen lymph nodes in
the groin
·
Fever
·
Headache
·
Anal sores and rectal
discharge or bleeding if the infection was acquired through anal sex
·
Painful urination
·
Constipation
·
Rectal bleeding
·
Pain in lower
back/abdomen
·
Pus-filled or bloody
diarrhea
·
Fever, chills, joint
pain, decreased appetite and fatigue
Lymphogranuloma venereum
(LGV)
Lymphogranuloma venereum
(LGV) is a type of chlamydial infection, but it is caused by a different type
of chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) than the usual chlamydial STD. Like
other chlamydial infections, it can be cured by antibiotic treatment.
Early Lymphogranuloma
venereum Symptoms (3-12 Days After Exposure)
·
Soft red, painless sores
on or near the genitals or anus
·
Similar sores in the
throat or mouth following oral sex
Later Lymphogranuloma
venereum Symptoms (2-6 Weeks After Exposure)
·
Open sores in the
genitals
·
Swollen lymph nodes in
the groin
·
Fever
·
Headache
·
Anal sores and rectal
discharge or bleeding if the infection was acquired through anal sex
·
Painful urination
·
Constipation
·
Rectal bleeding
·
Pain in lower
back/abdomen
·
Pus-filled or bloody
diarrhea
Fever, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Pelvic inflammatory
disease (PID) is not a specific STD. Rather, it is a complication that can
develop following multiple different STDs, particularly gonorrhea and chlamydia.
In PID, bacteria spread to the uterus and female reproductive tract.
Infertility may result if the condition is not treated right away.
Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease Symptoms
·
Fever
·
Pelvic or low abdominal
pain
·
Painful urination
·
Discharge
·
Painful intercourse
·
Light bleeding
·
chills, joint pain, decreased appetite and
fatigue
Who's at Risk for STDs?
It's
estimated that half of sexually active young adults acquire an STD by age 25.
In fact, STDs are the most common type of infection in America. While STDs are
more common in teens and young adults, anyone who is sexually active is at
risk. The risk is raised by having multiple sex partners. The incidence of some
STDs, including LGV and syphilis, is rising in men who have sex with men.
Can Virgins Get STDs?
Many
STDs can spread through any type of sexual activity. This includes skin-to-skin
contact and oral sex. This means that people who have not yet had sexual
intercourse can still get STDs.
STD Prevention
Abstinence from any
sexual contact is the only absolute way to prevent getting an STD. Being in a
long-term, monogamous relationship also is a good way to avoid STDs. There are
also steps you can take to decrease the chance of getting an STD if you are
sexually active, including:
·
Asking partners if they
have ever had an STD
·
Using condoms
·
Avoiding sexual activity
with a partner who has signs of an STD
·
Asking partners to be
tested before having sex
·
Being aware of symptoms
and signs of STDs
The Limits of Condoms
Condoms
can prevent the spread of some STDs, but they aren't 100% effective. They are
less effective at protecting against herpes, syphilis, and genital warts, since
these STDs can be transmitted by contact with skin lesions that are not covered
by a condom. Condoms also do not protect against crabs and scabies
infestations.
How to Tell Your Partner
You Have an STD
It may be difficult, but
it is important to tell your partner as soon as possible if you believe you may
have an STD. Even if you are being treated, you may still be able to spread the
infection. For some STDs, it's recommended that both partners be treated at the
same time. It can be difficult to share this information, so some people find
that preparing a script in advance can be helpful. Here are some facts that can
help the conversation go more smoothly:
·
Discovering an STD is
not evidence of cheating. It may very well have come from one of yours or your
partner’s past relationships.
·
An estimated one in two
sexually active people will contract an STD by the time they reach age 25. Most
of these don’t know they have an STD. Many STDs show few or no symptoms when
contracted and may be discovered much later.
It’s normal to be
nervous about this topic. But by being bold and taking action, you can actively
promote better health for you and your partner.
STDs and Pregnancy
STDs can cause premature labor in pregnant women, and many STDs
can be passed to the baby either during pregnancy or childbirth. So all
pregnant women should be checked for STDs. STDs can cause numerous problems in
babies, like low birth weight, stillbirth, nerve problems, blindness, serious
infections, and liver problems. Treatment during pregnancy can reduce the risks
of these complications and can cure many types of Can STDs Come Back?
In most cases, new
exposures to STDs that you have had in the past can cause you to get the
infection again. Most treatments don't protect you from developing the STD at a
future time. If your partner has not been treated, you may pass the infection
back and forth. Without the right precautions, you could acquire a second STD
or a recurrence of the same infection. In addition, genital herpes virus
infections can be recurrent after a single exposure.
Some experts prefer to
term STD’s as STIs (sexually transmitted infections). STIs include all
infections that can be transmitted sexually. For example, scabies and most
recently, Zika virus infections are better classified as STIs.
Can STDs Come Back?
In most cases, new
exposures to STDs that you have had in the past can cause you to get the
infection again. Most treatments don't protect you from developing the STD at a
future time. If your partner has not been treated, you may pass the infection
back and forth. Without the right precautions, you could acquire a second STD
or a recurrence of the same infection. In addition, genital herpes virus
infections can be recurrent after a single exposure.
Some experts prefer to
term STD’s as STIs (sexually transmitted infections). STIs include all
infections that can be transmitted sexually. For example, scabies and most
recently, Zika virus infections are better classified as STIs.
Reviewed by Charles Patrick Davis, MD, PhD on Sunday, August 07, 2016
STD Diagnosis, Images,
Symptoms, Treatment
This tool does not provide medical advice
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