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What You Need to Know About Stents of heart;s coronary arteries etc ; source; - internate



     







What You Need to Know About Stents
















Stents are small, expandable tubes that treat narrowed arteries in your body. In people with coronary heart disease caused by the buildup of plaque, they can:
These types are called heart stents, but they're also referred to as cardiac stents or coronary stents. Usually made of metal mesh, they’re put into arteries in a procedure called a percutaneous coronary intervention or, its more common name, angioplasty.
Performed with local anesthesia and mild sedation, angioplasty involves no major incisions and usually takes about an hour. If you need more than one stent, it can take longer.
Compared to coronary artery bypass surgery, which is much more invasive, people who get stents have less discomfort and a shorter recovery time.
But stenting isn't risk-free. A blood clot can form in one and cause your arteries to narrow again suddenly. It may even cause a complete blockage. To prevent this, people take one or more blood-thinning drugs after they get a stent. These can include aspirin, which usually must be taken indefinitely, and clopidogrel (Plavix), prasugrel (Effient), or ticagrelor (Brilinta), which are usually prescribed for at least 1 and up to 12 months.
Scar tissue or plaque can also form in the area of your stent. This can cause your artery to narrow again over a period of months. Your doctor may call this restenosis. If it happens, another stent can often solve the problem. In some cases, coronary artery bypass surgery may be needed.







Why We Have Them


In the late 1970s, doctors began using balloon angioplasty to treat coronary arteries that got too narrow.
A very thin, long, balloon-tipped tube, called a catheter, is put into an artery in either the groin or arm. It’s then moved to the blockage with help from an X-ray. Once it’s there, the balloon at the tip of the catheter is inflated to compress the blockage and get blood flow going. Then it’s deflated to allow the whole thing to be removed.












Because no new support is left, in a small percentage of cases, the artery will regain its previous shape or even collapse after the balloon is deflated. About 30% of coronary arteries treated with balloon angioplasty get narrower again.
To help solve these problems, small stents were created that could be mounted on the balloon and put into a blood vessel. The stent expands when the balloon is inflated, locks into place, and forms a permanent scaffold to hold the artery open after the balloon is deflated and removed.
In 1986, French researchers implanted the first stent into a human coronary artery. Eight years later, the FDA approved the first heart stent for use in the U.S.






Types


First-generation stents were made of bare metal. Although they almost eliminated the risk of the artery collapsing, they only modestly reduced the risk of re-narrowing. About a quarter of all coronary arteries treated with bare-metal stents would close up again, usually in about 6 months.
So doctors and companies began testing stents coated with drugs that interrupted the re-narrowing. These are called drug-eluting stents.
In clinical trials, these reduced re-narrowing cases to less than 10%. They also lowered the need for repeat procedures for people with diabetes, who have a bigger chance of their arteries getting narrow again.
Still, there were concerns that drug-eluting stents were associated with a rare but serious complication called in-stent thrombosis. This is where a blood clot forms in a stent one or more years after it's implanted.
Because this complication can be fatal, it’s important that people with drug-eluting stents take aspirin and an anticlotting drug as prescribed until a doctor tells them to stop.






Innovations


In 2016, the FDA approved a new type of stent made of a special polymer that eventually dissolves into the body. This new stent releases a drug called everolimus, which limits the growth of scar tissue that can re-block the coronary artery.
The global market for coronary stents is projected to increase to $5.6 billion by 2020, the consulting firm GlobalData says.
Many new second- and third-generation stent designs are being developed, in clinical trials, or have been approved for use outside the U.S. These include:
  • One with a covering that delivers an anti-restenosis drug for months and then basically becomes a bare-metal stent
  • A version that is absorbed by the body and disappears after it has done its work
  • A stent that uses a coating to quickly create a thin, all-natural layer inside the artery






WebMD Medical Reference Reviewed by James Beckerman, MD, FACC on September 02, 2016

Sources

© 2016 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved
     Now that we know the basic information about the stent and the related procedures that utilize the medical instrument, how much does a heart stent cost?

Average Costs of Heart Stent According to Type
According to the article of Buzzle, the costs apparently depend on the type of stent being used. There are three types and these are the following:
1. Bare-metal stent is the simplest heart stent type. This stent is either made up of 316L grade stainless steel or a combined metal of cobalt and chromium. Its thin wire is not coated with drugs unlike the second type of stent. The average bare-metal heart stent price does not go beyond $1,000.
2. Drug-eluting or DES are stents that are coated or covered with medical drugs to stop the development of reoccurrence of stenosis, which blocks the passageways of the arteries. This is typically used on patients who have higher chances of getting thrombosis or the circumstance of blood clotting after the stent has been inserted. The average cost for this type is less than $1,700.
3. Dual therapy stent is a combination of drug-eluting and bio-engineered stents. The surface of this type of stent is coated with antibodies that cause endothelial progenitor cells or EPCs stick, forming a protective layer to decrease the occurrences of thrombosis. This is the most expensive type, having the average angioplasty stent cost around $4,000.
Estimate Prices of Heart Stent According to Country
The heart stent cost also differs from country to country. Apparently, the angioplasty stent cost is much higher in developing countries than in developed countries where fair pricing or price controlling is implemented on the costs of medical instruments.
*In Germany, the heart stent price is €350 or approximately $460.
*In other European countries, the average cost is around €600 or approximately $790.
*Meanwhile, the price in India 60,000 Rupees or around $1,000.
Cost of Angioplasty Procedure
When it comes to the non-surgical angioplasty procedure, the total cost without insurance can range from $11,000 to $41,000, depending on the stent type and the number of times it the device has been used as well as the duration of stay in a hospital.
In cases when the patient has insurance, the total expenses of the same angioplasty procedure may decrease around $11,000 to $36,000 since the medical operation is necessary to treat the person’s coronary arteries and heart conditions, according to the article of Cost Helper Health.
Purpose and Benefits of Heart Stent
Basically, the primary objective of stent insertion in the artery or blood vessel is to lessen angina or chest pain and lengthen the patient’s chances of surviving.
In 1994, the American FDA or Food and Drug Administration had given its approval to conduct the voluntary implantation of heart stents. After the approval, the sales of the medical device significantly rose up to $5 billion. The popularity of the stents was due to their benefits that were not observed after a patient undergoes a bypass operation. Generally, the bypass procedure has a more expensive price than angioplasty stent cost.
Without further ado, here are some of the major benefits of heart stents.
*Insertions or placements of heart stents do not require general anesthesia that would cause the heart stent cost to go higher. Apparently, general anesthesia has a separate price, and sometimes, it can cost a lot.
*The necessity of anesthesia is eliminated because the use of stents does not let the doctors cut any part of the patient’s body.
*Unlike the invasive types of heart-related operations, this non- to minimally invasive implantation of stents reduces the chances of getting complications.
*Most of all, this procedure is much cheaper and safer than a bypass surgical operation. After the implantation of heart stents, doctors may let the patient stay in the hospital for a few days, decreasing the total expenses of the patient’s hospital bill.
Procedures of Heart Stent Placement
For the sake of those who are not familiar with the procedures, here are the steps on how the surgeon performs the heart stent implantation.
1. The surgeon cuts a small incision in the patient’s groin so that the surgeon can access a blood vessel or artery.
2. Then, the surgeon inserts a catheter or a thin tube through the incision he or she made.
3. Once the catheter is inserted, the doctor uses an X-ray as a guide to insert the tube up, going to the coronary or heart artery. The X-ray will show images of the arteries’ condition.
4. Through the catheter, the surgeon will insert a small wire. Then, another catheter, which has an attached balloon, will be inserted, following the initial guide of inserting the first catheter.
5. When the balloon has reached the artery, the surgeon inflates the balloon.
6. Once the surgeon inserts the catheter with the balloon, he or she also places the stent to keep the artery open and let the blood flow. When the stent is securely placed, the surgeon will then remove the catheter.
Risks of Heart Stent Implantation or Placement
Just because this procedure is minimally invasive, it does not mean the patients are not at risk of getting complications. Yes, there are complications, but they are at a minimal level. These risks brought by the implantation are the following:
– allergic reactions due to medications are triggered
– difficulty in breathing
– occurrences of bleeding and blood clotting
– blockage of the stented coronary artery
– narrowing of the artery again
– possibilities of heart attack
– presence of infection
On rare occasions, patients are at risk of getting seizures and stroke.
These risks are not deadly, except for the heart attack. However, these complications should not be taken for granted due to the fact that it involves the heart. If for instance, the patient does not take care of himself or herself after the placement has been performed, then expect another spending of heart stent price.


HOW MUCH DOES HEART STENT COST



As a basic reference, a stent is a small mesh tube that is used or inserted by the doctors to improve the patient’s circulation of blood. The insertion of a stent in the weak artery is usually one of the procedures done i
n a PCI or percutaneous coronary intervention (also known as angioplasty), which is a minimally invasive medical operation to treat blocked or narrow heart arteries.

Now that we know the basic information about the stent and the related procedures that utilize the medical instrument, how much does a heart stent cost?

Average Costs of Heart Stent According to Type

According to the article of Buzzle, the costs apparently depend on the type of stent being used. There are three types and these are the following:

Bare-metal stent is the simplest heart stent type. This stent is either made up of 316L grade stainless steel or a combined metal of cobalt and chromium. Its thin wire is not coated with drugs unlike the second type of stent. The average bare-metal heart stent price does not go beyond $1,000.
Drug-eluting or DES are stents that are coated or covered with medical drugs to stop the development of reoccurrence of stenosis, which blocks the passageways of the arteries. This is typically used on patients who have higher chances of getting thrombosis or the circumstance of blood clotting after the stent has been inserted. The average cost for this type is less than $1,700.
Dual therapy stent is a combination of drug-eluting and bio-engineered stents. The surface of this type of stent is coated with antibodies that cause endothelial progenitor cells or EPCs stick, forming a protective layer to decrease the occurrences of thrombosis. This is the most expensive type, having the average angioplasty stent cost around $4,000.

Estimate Prices of Heart Stent According to Country

The heart stent cost also differs from country to country. Apparently, the angioplasty stent cost is much higher in developing countries than in developed countries where fair pricing or price controlling is implemented on the costs of medical instruments.

*In Germany, the heart stent price is €350 or approximately $460.

*In other European countries, the average cost is around €600 or approximately $790.

*Meanwhile, the price in India 60,000 Rupees or around $1,000.

Cost of Angioplasty Procedure

When it comes to the non-surgical angioplasty procedure, the total cost without insurance can range from $11,000 to $41,000, depending on the stent type and the number of times it the device has been used as well as the duration of stay in a hospital.

In cases when the patient has insurance, the total expenses of the same angioplasty procedure may decrease around $11,000 to $36,000 since the medical operation is necessary to treat the person’s coronary arteries and heart conditions, according to the article of Cost Helper Health.

Purpose and Benefits of Heart Stent

Basically, the primary objective of stent insertion in the artery or blood vessel is to lessen angina or chest pain and lengthen the patient’s chances of surviving.

In 1994, the American FDA or Food and Drug Administration had given its approval to conduct the voluntary implantation of heart stents. After the approval, the sales of the medical device significantly rose up to $5 billion. The popularity of the stents was due to their benefits that were not observed after a patient undergoes a bypass operation. Generally, the bypass procedure has a more expensive price than angioplasty stent cost.

Without further ado, here are some of the major benefits of heart stents.

*Insertions or placements of heart stents do not require general anesthesia that would cause the heart stent cost to go higher. Apparently, general anesthesia has a separate price, and sometimes, it can cost a lot.

*The necessity of anesthesia is eliminated because the use of stents does not let the doctors cut any part of the patient’s body.average angiography cost 

*Unlike the invasive types of heart-related operations, this non- to minimally invasive implantation of stents reduces the chances of getting complications.

*Most of all, this procedure is much cheaper and safer than a bypass surgical operation. After the implantation of heart stents, doctors may let the patient stay in the hospital for a few days, decreasing the total expenses of the patient’s hospital bill.

Procedures of Heart Stent Placement

For the sake of those who are not familiar with the procedures, here are the steps on how the surgeon performs the heart stent implantation.

The surgeon cuts a small incision in the patient’s groin so that the surgeon can access a blood vessel or artery.
Then, the surgeon inserts a catheter or a thin tube through the incision he or she made.
Once the catheter is inserted, the doctor uses an X-ray as a guide to insert the tube up, going to the coronary or heart artery. The X-ray will show images of the arteries’ condition.
Through the catheter, the surgeon will insert a small wire. Then, another catheter, which has an attached balloon, will be inserted, following the initial guide of inserting the first catheter.
When the balloon has reached the artery, the surgeon inflates the balloon.
Once the surgeon inserts the catheter with the balloon, he or she also places the stent to keep the artery open and let the blood flow. When the stent is securely placed, the surgeon will then remove the catheter.

Risks of Heart Stent Implantation or Placement

Just because this procedure is minimally invasive, it does not mean the patients are not at risk of getting complications. Yes, there are complications, but they are at a minimal level. These risks brought by the implantation are the following:

– allergic reactions due to medications are triggered

– difficulty in breathing

– occurrences of bleeding and blood clotting

– blockage of the stented coronary artery

– narrowing of the artery again

– possibilities of heart attack

– presence of infection

On rare occasions, patients are at risk of getting seizures and stroke.

These risks are not deadly, except for the heart attack. However, these complications should not be taken for granted due to the fact that it involves the heart. If for instance, the patient does not take care of himself or herself after the placement has been performed, then expect another spending of heart stent price.

    






 
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