What is Brain Stroke ? Seven Possible Signs of Brain Stroke and defination and treatement of Heart Attack ;

        

                        What  is     Stroke  ?   7    Signs of Stroke  !

    

        

      

             A stroke is a "brain attack". It can happen to anyone at any time. It occurs when blood flow to an area of brain is cut off. When this happens, brain cells are deprived of oxygen and begin to die. When brain cells die during a stroke, abilities controlled by that area of the brain such as memory and muscle control are lost.

How a person is affected by their stroke depends on where the stroke occurs in the brain and how much the brain is damaged. For example, someone who had a small stroke may only have minor problems such as temporary weakness of an arm or leg. People who have larger strokes may be permanently paralyzed on one side of their body or lose their ability to speak. Some people recover completely from strokes, but more than 2/3 of survivors will have some type of disability.

      

            A stroke occurs if the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a portion of the brain is blocked. Without oxygen, brain cells start to die after a few minutes. Sudden bleeding in the brain also can cause a stroke if it damages brain cells.

          If brain cells die or are damaged because of a stroke, symptoms occur in the parts of the body that these brain cells control. Examples of stroke symptoms include sudden weakness; paralysis or numbness of the face, arms, or legs (paralysis is an inability to move); trouble speaking or understanding speech; and trouble seeing.

        A stroke is a serious medical condition that requires emergency care. A stroke can cause lasting brain damage, long-term disability, or even death.

         

 

 

          Stroke is the fifth-leading cause of death nationwide. Brain damage from strokes can be minimized if they are treated promptly, but it’s common to mistake signs of a stroke for other health problems, which delays treatment.

       By Alyssa Jung

Never ignore these signs of a stroke

         In each minute of a stroke, your brain loses an estimated 1.9 million cells. Each hour a stroke goes untreated ages your brain the equivalent of three and a half years. The longer a stroke lasts or a patient doesn’t receive treatment, the greater chance of lingering speech difficulties, memory loss, or behavioral changes. The earlier a stroke is caught, the better the treatment options, which can minimize damage and improve the odds of a fuller recovery. “Stroke is scary. Denial is the biggest factor in delaying treatment. When I ask stroke patients in the ER why they waited to call 911, the most common response is that they wanted to see if it would go away,” says Carolyn Brockington, MD, director of the Mount Sinai Stroke Center in New York City.

         There are two kinds of stroke. An ischemic stroke means blocked blood vessels cause a reduction in blood flow in the brain. A hemorrhagic stroke means a ruptured blood vessel is leaking blood in the brain. Symptoms for both kinds of stroke can be the same. It’s important to call 911 as soon as you notice any potential signs of trouble.

         You think exhaustion is making you see double

          Vision problems like seeing double, blurriness, or loss of sight in one eye can be a sign of a stroke, but many people blame this on old age or tiredness. “Seeing two images is very unusual for just being tired or reading too much,” Dr. Brockington says. A blocked blood vessel can reduce the amount of oxygen getting to the eye, which causes vision issues that may not be accompanied by any other signs of stroke.

          You think your arm is numb because it "just fell asleep"

             If you wake up from a nap and your arm or leg is numb, it’s easy to assume it's due to a compressed nerve. “Don’t feel like a hypochondriac. If your arm is suddenly numb or weak, and it doesn’t go away in a few minutes, call 911,” says Ralph Sacco, MD, professor of neurology at University of Miami North School of Medicine. Decreased blood flow through the arteries that run up your spine to the back of your head causes numbness or weakness on one side of the body. 

           You think your arm is numb because it "just fell asleep"

                  If you wake up from a nap and your arm or leg is numb, it’s easy to assume it's due to a compressed nerve. “Don’t feel like a hypochondriac. If your arm is suddenly numb or weak, and it doesn’t go away in a few minutes, call 911,” says Ralph Sacco, MD, professor of neurology at University of Miami North School of Medicine. Decreased blood flow through the arteries that run up your spine to the back of your head causes numbness or weakness on one side of the body. 

                You blame slurred speech on your medications

               “Some medicines, like painkillers, can cause slurred speech and people often chalk up speech issues to their drugs as opposed to stroke,” says Dr. Sacco. But if that’s not a side effect you usually experience, you might be having a stroke and should seek help immediately, he says.

      
               You assume alcohol is behind your wobbliness

         “People think they’re having balance issues because they had a drink, but see if that makes sense,” says Dr. Brockington. “You won’t have delayed balance problems, so a drink from earlier in the day probably isn’t to blame. It could be from a decrease in blood flow to the brain.” If you suddenly start to stumble, can’t walk straight, or experience sudden dizziness, don’t wait for it to pass; call 911 right away.

            You think that"it's on the tip of my tongue" feeling is due to being tired

             When people have trouble thinking of the right words or lose their train of thought, they figure they're tired or foggy, says Dr. Brockington. But sudden cognitive deficits are a common sign of stroke. “You might struggle to think of a word every once in awhile, but there shouldn’t be a long period of time where you can’t think of anything to say or be unable to speak,” says Dr. Brockington. 

In some cases, stroke patients won’t be aware that anything is wrong, so people around them should raise the alarm. “The part of the brain that isn’t working well impairs the stroke patient’s perception and the ability to think,” says Dr. Sacco. 

       You chalk that blinding headache up to a migraine

             It might just be a migraine, but if you’re not prone to them, it could be a stroke. “Migraine headaches can masquerade as a stroke because they have the same neurological symptoms,” says Sacco. “I tell people to treat it like a stroke and call for help; let us figure it out.”

             WHAT IS A
                   HEART ATTACK?

 

 

          The heart has four chambers, which are separated by valves and surrounded by muscle.

         The right side pumps blood back to the lungs for more oxygen.

         The left side pumps oxygen-rich blood through the body.

        Cardiac arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscles.

If an artery becomes clogged or blocked, the downstream muscle is starved of blood.

This is a heart attack

            TREATING A HEART ATTACK

 

            Doctors must first reopen the blocked artery and restore the flow of blood to the heart muscles.

            Doctors insert a hollow catheter through the groin or an arm, threading it up a major artery and into the heart.

            A deflated balloon is passed through the catheter to the site of the blockage.

             The balloon is surrounded by a metal mesh stent. Inflating the balloon opens the artery and locks the stent in place.

            Hospitals have been working to reduce the time needed to insert stents in patients having heart attacks.

    


           
 ( source; internate )